Maunsell Sea Defensive Army Forts, England

Maunsell Sea Forts based in England still standing as of today. Army Forts improvement in defensive tactics during WII.

          During the Second World War, three anti-aircraft forts were improved in 1941-42 to protect the Thames Estuary, premeditated by Mr. G. A. Maunsell. Quartet different large structures were improved for the Navy Service. The Army's forts were from the Navy platforms as apiece had seven towers linked unitedly by walkways. Six of the towers were burred, the ordinal held the searchlights and they were manned by a hands of 120. They were collective in 1942 at Symptom Sands, Red Sands and Large Nore. Apiece 300 tonne shape was preconstructed before beingness towed out to sea, undone into groups and then adjacently attached with a lift.The army sea forts, also intentional by Maunsell, were England's salutation to German air attacks on the strategic Liverpool docks via the undefended Mersey Estuary. It was definite to build cardinal in the Mersey mouth and vii in the Thames Estuary. Each self-contained meet had experience housing for twenty-four men and comprised heptad poise platforms subsidized on three 160-foot (49-meter) real legs. Quaternion were gun towers with 3.7-inch (95-millimeter) stroke; a fifth was militarised with a Bofors gun; the sixth was a searchlight pillar; and the newest was for radio location. They were linked shrill above the sea by hollow poise catwalks that also carried quality and render lines between the platforms. Their attitude was supported upon the proven layout of come gun batteries. In the circumstance, only trine were collective on each opinion of England. Those in the Thames Estuary, constructed by the engineers who collective the blue forts, were towed downriver in pairs and lowered by winches at strategic sites: The Great Nore, Shivering Sands, and Red Sand-all rather support that steadfastly anchored each predominate in approximate. Cerebration began in Aug 1942, and the measure hulk was complete sixteen months subsequent.

The army forts started to decline. For a short while, low the check of the Anti-Aircraft Assemble Fixing Indifference, they were appointed with developed searchlights and radio location installations. Any perceived crisis non current, the gray minimal all guns and equipment from them in 1956. The Red Sand assemble, off the Island of Sheppey, was forsaken that selfsame year. The Eager Nore post was destroyed in 1958 after state struck by a ship and officially avowed a stake to transport. In 1959 another watercraft collided with the Shivering Sands fort, conveyance felled one of the towers. Despite their short-lived roles as broadcasting devotion, the survivors are now remiss. Their robustness effectiveness they proved to be in the Northward his uppercase sea forts, eager in 1961 after establishing an foreign civil-engineering partnership, which continues.

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